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Nor does there seem to me any nice problem in a single insect (as in the case of a queen-wasp) making hexagonal cells, if she have been to work alternately on the inside and out of doors of two or three cells commenced at the identical time, always standing at the right relative distance from the parts of the cells just begun, sweeping spheres or cylinders, and constructing up intermediate planes. We see how vital a component excavation performs in the construction of the cells; but it surely would be an ideal error to suppose that the bees cannot build up a tough wall of wax in the proper position – that is, alongside the aircraft of intersection between two adjoining spheres. With respect to the formation of wax, it is understood that bees are often hard pressed to get ample nectar; and I’m informed by Mr. Tegetmeier that it has been experimentally proved that from twelve to fifteen pounds of dry sugar are consumed by a hive of bees for the secretion of a pound of wax; so that a prodigious amount of fluid nectar have to be collected and consumed by the bees in a hive for the secretion of the wax needed for the construction of their combs.

Moreover, many bees have to stay idle for a lot of days during the technique of secretion. The bees will need to have labored at very practically the identical charge in circularly gnawing away and deepening the basins on each sides of the ridge of vermilion wax, in order to have thus succeeded in leaving flat plates between the basins, by stopping work at the planes of intersection. The bees, nonetheless, did not suffer this to happen, and they stopped their excavations in due time; in order that the basins, as soon as they’d been a little bit deepened, got here to have flat bases; and these flat bases, formed by skinny little plates of the vermilion wax left ungnawed, were situated, as far as the eye could decide, precisely alongside the planes of imaginary intersection between the basins on the alternative side of the ridge of wax. The work of construction seems to be a type of balance struck between many bees, all instinctively standing at the same relative distance from one another, all attempting to sweep equal spheres, after which constructing up, or leaving ungnawed, the planes of intersection between these spheres. It suffices that the bees should be enabled to stand at their correct relative distances from one another and from the partitions of the final accomplished cells, after which, by hanging imaginary spheres, they will build up a wall intermediate between two adjoining spheres; but, as far as I have seen, they by no means gnaw away and end off the angles of a cell until a large part each of that cell and of the adjoining cells has been constructed.

A large store of honey is indispensable to help a big stock of bees through the winter; and the safety of the hive is known mainly to depend upon numerous bees being supported. The Melipona itself is intermediate in construction between the hive and humble bee, however more nearly related to the latter: it types a nearly common waxen comb of cylindrical cells, wherein the young are hatched, and, in addition, some large cells of wax for holding honey. After all the success of the species could also be dependent on the variety of its enemies, or parasites, or on fairly distinct causes, and so be altogether independent of the amount of honey which the bees can acquire. The bees immediately began on both sides to excavate little basins close to to each other, in the identical method as before; however the ridge of wax was so skinny, that the bottoms of the basins, if they’d been excavated to the same depth as in the previous experiment, would have broken into one another from the alternative sides.

From the experiment of the ridge of vermilion wax we are able to see that, if the bees have been to build for themselves a thin wall of wax, they may make their cells of the proper form, by standing at the proper distance from one another, by excavating at the identical rate, and by endeavouring to make equal spherical hollows, but by no means allowing the spheres to interrupt into each other. In one effectively-marked instance, I put the comb again into the hive, and allowed the bees to go on working for a short time, and again examined the cell, and I discovered that the rhombic plate had been accomplished, and had turn out to be completely flat: it was completely not possible, from the excessive thinness of the little plate, that they could have effected this by gnawing away the convex aspect; and I suspect that the bees in such cases stand within the opposed cells and push and bend the ductile and warm wax (which as I have tried is definitely accomplished) into its correct intermediate airplane, and thus flatten it. It was really curious to note in cases of difficulty, as when two pieces of comb met at an angle, how often the bees would pull down and rebuild in other ways the same cell, generally recurring to a form which that they had at first rejected.